What component articulates forms and refers to the outside of or the top layer of an object?

The component that articulates forms and refers to the outside of or the top layer of an object is the surface. Surface is essential in architectural design because it defines the visual character and is often what interacts with light, creating reflections, shadows, and a sense of depth. In considering the aesthetics and functionality of a design, the surface plays a crucial role in how an object is perceived and how it interacts with its environment.

This aspect is critical in architecture as it goes beyond mere aesthetics; the surface also has practical implications, such as materials used which can affect durability, maintenance, and thermal properties. By focusing on the surface, architects can enhance not just the appearance but also the performance of their designs.