What describes a traditional Roman house with a central atrium?

The term that describes a traditional Roman house with a central atrium is "Domus." In Roman architecture, a domus was a private dwelling typically occupied by the wealthy class. The central feature of the domus is the atrium, an open space that served as a reception area and was often adorned with various decorative elements, such as fountains or plants. The atrium allowed natural light to enter and was also a space for family gatherings and ceremonies.

The design of the domus contrasted sharply with other types of Roman structures, such as insulae, which were multi-story apartment buildings for the lower classes, and basilicas, which were large public buildings used for legal and civic purposes. The curia, on the other hand, specifically refers to a building where the Senate would meet, further distinguishing it from the residential nature of the domus.

Understanding the unique features of the domus, especially the atrium, highlights the social and architectural practices of ancient Rome, emphasizing their distinctions from other forms of architecture in the period.