What idea merges ecology with architecture to form urban environments?

The concept that merges ecology with architecture to create urban environments is known as "Arcology." This idea, coined by architect Paolo Soleri, combines the principles of architecture and ecology to design sustainable habitats that minimize human impact on the environment while maximizing living space. In arcology, the urban setting is integrated with natural ecosystems, promoting a symbiotic relationship where built environments can support both human needs and the ecological balance.

Arcologies aim to reduce resource consumption, waste, and energy usage by creating densely populated structures that include living, working, and recreational spaces in a compact form. The design often features innovative methods of energy generation, water management, and waste recycling, which are essential for maintaining ecological harmony.

The other concepts, while interesting in their own right, do not specifically emphasize the combination of ecological principles with architectural design in the same way that arcology does. These alternatives may address sustainability or urban planning but do not encapsulate the holistic approach of merging ecological systems directly with architectural practices.