What was the capital city of Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdoms?

The capital city of Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdoms was indeed Thebes. During the Middle Kingdom, Thebes (modern-day Luxor) rose to prominence as a religious and cultural center, and it became the capital under Pharaoh Mentuhotep II. This city continued to be significant throughout the New Kingdom, often serving as the political hub and the location of major temples, including the famous Karnak Temple complex.

Thebes was associated with the worship of the god Amun and had a profound influence on Egyptian art, architecture, and religion during this time. It was the site of many royal tombs in the nearby Valley of the Kings and reflected the power and wealth of the pharaohs during these periods. Thus, Thebes is correct as it encapsulates the historical significance and the political status of the city in ancient Egypt during these two significant eras.

Memphis, while an important city, was primarily the capital during the Old Kingdom. Anyang and Beijing are names of cities from entirely different cultures and regions, unrelated to ancient Egyptian history.