Which ancient civilization is known for building forts on elevated areas for protection and did not utilize a geometric plan?

The ancient Greek civilizations are indeed notable for constructing forts and settlements on elevated areas, commonly referred to as acropolises. These strategic locations were selected for their defensive advantages, allowing for better visibility and control over the surrounding landscape. The most famous example is the Acropolis of Athens, which served not only as a fortification but also as a significant cultural and religious center.

Unlike other ancient civilizations, such as the Romans or Egyptians, who often employed more defined geometric plans in their urban layouts, the Greeks had a more organic approach to city planning. Their settlements would often grow in response to the natural topography, leading to layouts that were not strictly geometric. This adaptability to the physical landscape reflected the Greeks' emphasis on integrating their architecture with the surrounding environment.

This characteristic is essential in understanding the context of ancient Greek architecture and urbanism, as it illustrates their strategic and cultural priorities in fortification and community development.