Which architectural principle suggests that modifying the physical environment can prevent crime?

The concept of "defensible space" refers to a design theory that emphasizes how the physical layout and planning of an environment can influence behavior and reduce crime. This principle was introduced by architect Oscar Newman in the 1970s, and it is based on the idea that an area can be designed to promote a sense of ownership and territoriality among residents. When people feel a connection to their environment, they are more likely to look out for and defend it, which can deter criminal activities.

By incorporating features such as clear boundaries, natural surveillance (like windows that allow residents to monitor the area), and community spaces that encourage interaction, defensible space principles help create environments where potential offenders feel less comfortable engaging in criminal behavior. This approach not only aids in crime prevention but also enhances community cohesion and safety.

The other concepts mentioned, while interesting, do not directly address the relationship between architectural design and crime prevention. Socio-petal space focuses on promoting social interactions; soft architecture generally refers to adaptable design principles; and personalization involves individualizing spaces without specific intent to prevent crime. These do not incorporate the same direct link as defensible space does.