Which city is known for containing the chief temple and treasury of its city-state?

Athens is widely recognized for housing the Parthenon, which served as both a chief temple and treasury of the city-state. The Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was the patron deity of Athens, is a prime example of classical Greek architecture and represents the height of Athenian cultural achievement during its golden age. Not only was it a religious center, but it also functioned as a symbol of the wealth and power of Athens, showcasing the city's significance in ancient Greece.

Additionally, Athens played a central role in the political, artistic, and intellectual life of the ancient world, further solidifying its position as a city-state of great importance. The other cities mentioned do not exemplify the same level of singular importance regarding a temple and treasury specific to their cultures as Athens does with the Parthenon. Thus, Athens stands out as the answer in this context.