Which city was the capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, located near the head of the Nile Delta?

Memphis was the capital of Old Kingdom Egypt and is strategically situated near the head of the Nile Delta. This city served as a central hub for the administrative and political activities of ancient Egypt during the Old Kingdom period, which lasted from around 2686 to 2181 BCE. Its location was vital because it was close to the fertile lands of the Nile, making it an ideal site for agriculture and trade, which were critical to the economy of ancient Egypt.

Memphis is also renowned for its significant cultural and religious contributions, including the worship of Ptah, the creator god and patron of craftsmen. The city's iconic pyramids and monuments, particularly the nearby Pyramids of Giza, emphasize its importance as a center of power and civilization during this era.

The other cites listed, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, are associated with the Indus Valley Civilization, while Thebes became a prominent city in later periods of Egyptian history, specifically the New Kingdom, making them less relevant in the context of the Old Kingdom capital.