Which civilizations began around 700 BC among the Olmec people along the Gulf of Mexico?

The Mesoamerican civilizations, which include the Olmec, began to flourish around 700 BC along the Gulf of Mexico. The Olmec are often regarded as one of the earliest complex societies in Mesoamerica, laying the foundation for later civilizations such as the Maya and the Aztec. Key characteristics of Olmec culture included impressive monumental architecture, complex societies, and early forms of writing and calendar systems. This period marks significant advancements in agriculture, trade, and cultural practices that would influence future Mesoamerican societies.

The other options refer to different geographical and historical contexts. The Yellow River civilizations pertain to ancient China, emerging significantly earlier and centered around the Yellow River. The Indus Valley civilizations developed in what is now Pakistan around the same time but in a different region, leading to unique urban planning and social systems. Egyptian civilizations are associated with the Nile River, flourishing even earlier than 700 BC and known for their distinct architectural achievements and governance. Each of these civilizations arose independently in various parts of the world, contributing to the rich tapestry of human history while highlighting the unique developments of the Olmec within Mesoamerica.