Which planning principle focuses on sustainable community development and open space preservation?

Smart growth is focused on creating sustainable communities by addressing issues such as urban sprawl and promoting the efficient use of land and resources. This planning principle emphasizes the development of compact, walkable urban areas that preserve open space, promote public transit, and create a high quality of life for residents. By advocating for mixed-use developments and integrating natural systems into urban planning, smart growth fosters a balance between built environments and green spaces.

In contrast, the other concepts may touch on aspects of sustainability and community development, but they do not prioritize it in the same comprehensive way that smart growth does. Sustainable development encompasses broader goals, such as economic and social equity, but it does not specifically target urban growth patterns. Urban sprawl management focuses on controlling and mitigating the negative impacts of sprawl rather than promoting sustainable development principles. Community planning is a general term that can include many aspects of urban development but does not specifically connote a focus on sustainability and open space preservation to the same degree as smart growth.